The medical field has the industry's top-level requirements for the accuracy, safety, and biocompatibility of heating elements, with core requirements of ±0.1℃ level precise temperature control, low-voltage safe operation, and sterile and environmental protection adaptation.1 In Vitro Diagnost

Household appliances are the most extensive and end-user closest application scenario for heating elements. The core requirements for heating elements in this field are safety and stability, miniaturization, low power consumption, and long service life, to meet the differentiated functional needs of